{"id":5949,"date":"2021-09-11T23:03:31","date_gmt":"2021-09-11T23:03:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scandinavia.life\/vikingu-zobens\/"},"modified":"2024-03-10T18:41:37","modified_gmt":"2024-03-10T18:41:37","slug":"vikingu-zobens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/vikingu-zobens\/","title":{"rendered":"Vikingu zobens"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vikingu zobens nekad nav bijis parasts ierocis. Paties\u012bb\u0101 zobeni bija lieliski simboli, kas simboliz\u0113ja izcilu karav\u012bru. T\u0101 k\u0101 \u0161os zobenus nebija viegli izgatavot, tie maks\u0101ja roku un abas k\u0101jas. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tie bija lielisks <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hurstwic.org\/history\/articles\/manufacturing\/text\/viking_sword.htm\">presti\u017ea un statusa simbols<\/a>. \u012apa\u0161nieki tika apglab\u0101ti kop\u0101 ar saviem zobeniem vai ar\u012b tos var\u0113ja ar\u012b mantot.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Atmi\u0146as no vikingu laikmeta<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Skandin\u0101vijas un jo \u012bpa\u0161i Norv\u0113\u0123ijas v\u0113sturi nevar piln\u012bb\u0101 izst\u0101st\u012bt, nepieminot kaut ko par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedockyards.com\/a-brief-overview-on-the-history-of-the-norsemen-and-the-viking-age\/\">vikingu laikmetu<\/a>. V\u0113stures gr\u0101mat\u0101s ir daudz inform\u0101cijas par to, k\u0101 vikingi ku\u0123oja pa Eiropu, tirgoj\u0101s, veica uzbrukumus un gandr\u012bz koloniz\u0113ja teritoriju, kur\u0101 tie darboj\u0101s.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Var daudz diskut\u0113t par to, k\u0101 vikingi dar\u012bja to, ko vi\u0146i dar\u012bja, un kas tie\u0161i vi\u0146us pamudin\u0101ja uz da\u017e\u0101m tir\u0101nisk\u0101m darb\u012bb\u0101m. Da\u017ei cilv\u0113ki var ar\u012b nev\u0113l\u0113ties atcer\u0113ties postu un bailes, ko \u0161\u012b grupa nodar\u012bja Eirop\u0101. Neraugoties uz saj\u016bt\u0101m, kas par vi\u0146iem rodas, balstoties uz v\u0113sturiskajiem st\u0101stiem, nav iesp\u0113jams tos piln\u012bb\u0101 atvair\u012bt.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Skandin\u0101vij\u0101 vikingu v\u0113sture joproj\u0101m ir dz\u012bva, it k\u0101 t\u0101 b\u016btu bijusi vakar. Tas ir le\u0123end\u0101s, gr\u0101mat\u0101s, kas sakrautas plauktos, artefaktos, piem\u0113ram, vecos ku\u0123os, oper\u0101ciju b\u0101z\u0113s un daudz\u0101s cit\u0101s.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Viens no svar\u012bg\u0101kajiem <a href=\"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/vikingu-kugu-muzejs\/\">vikingu laikmeta <\/a>iero\u010diem, kas mums visiem atg\u0101dina par vikingiem, ir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medievaldepot.com\/products\/scandinavian-norsemen-raiding-viking-sword\">vikingu zobens<\/a>. Pieminot \u0161os zobenus, ikviens, kas kaut mazliet zina par vikingu laikmetu, jau zina, cik liel\u0101 cie\u0146\u0101 \u0161aj\u0101 laikmet\u0101 bija \u0161ie priek\u0161meti.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lieki piebilst, ka vikingu zobenu var sal\u012bdzin\u0101t tikai ar \u0161\u012b laikmeta augst\u0101k\u0101s klases automobi\u013ciem, iesp\u0113jams, Ferrari vai Lamborghini. \u012as\u0101k sakot, \u0161ie zobeni savu unikalit\u0101ti ieguva, pateicoties tam, ka tie bija formveid\u012bg\u0101ki, sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101ki un elast\u012bg\u0101ki nek\u0101 citi.  <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"873\" src=\"http:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/viker-1024x873.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5745\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/viker-1024x873.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/viker-300x256.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/viker-768x654.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/viker-1536x1309.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/viker.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vikingu zobena interesant\u0101s iez\u012bmes<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Slavenajiem vikingu karot\u0101jiem bija vikingu zobens. Tas bija vienrokturis un ar platu piln\u0161\u013cirku asme\u0146a garuma apak\u0161da\u013c\u0101. Asme\u0146i bija aptuveni 30 collas gari, bet citi bija \u012bs\u0101ki vai gar\u0101ki. Turkl\u0101t tie sv\u0113ra maz\u0101k nek\u0101 3 kg.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vikingu zobeni bija vissmag\u0101kie un efekt\u012bv\u0101kie iero\u010di. Turkl\u0101t tie tika augstu v\u0113rt\u0113ti, jo zieme\u013cvalstu \u012bpa\u0161nieki tos nodod\u0113ja n\u0101kamaj\u0101m paaudz\u0113m. Viduslaikos vikingu zobeni bija tik d\u0101rgi, jo to izgatavo\u0161anai bija nepiecie\u0161amas lielas prasmes.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vikingu zobenu v\u0113sture<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vikingu zobeni ir aukstie iero\u010di, kas izgatavoti no <sup>8<\/sup>. l\u012bdz <sup>11<\/sup>. gadsimtam. T\u0101 k\u0101 vairogs bija karav\u012bra ekip\u0113jums, zobenam vajadz\u0113ja b\u016bt v\u0113sam un lietojamam ar vienu roku. Liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai zobenu bija rakstur\u012bga \u012bsa vidusda\u013ca starp aizsargu un pameti, lai cie\u0161i piegu\u013c.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ar laiku vikingu kal\u0113ji industrializ\u0113j\u0101s, un main\u012bj\u0101s ar\u012b roktura forma, izm\u0113rs un forma. \u0160\u012bs p\u0101rmai\u0146as atviegloja v\u0113sturniekiem zobenu saglab\u0101\u0161anu, jo katr\u0101 sezon\u0101 bija domin\u0113jo\u0161s un specifisks stils. Pat \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 att\u012bst\u012bbas tendences, t\u0113rauda ra\u017eo\u0161ana netika atst\u0101ta nov\u0101rt\u0101. Jauni t\u0113rauda ra\u017eo\u0161anas pa\u0146\u0113mieni un tehnolo\u0123ijas uzlaboja \u0161auru l\u0101psti\u0146u att\u012bst\u012bbu, k\u0101 par\u0101d\u012bts turpm\u0101k.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vikingu zobenu izgatavo\u0161anas veids<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viking_Age#:~:text=The%20Viking%20Age%20(793%E2%80%931066,and%20the%20Germanic%20Iron%20Age.\">Vikingu laikmet\u0101<\/a> izgatavot vieglu, lokanu un sp\u0113c\u012bgu zobenu nebija viegli. T\u0101p\u0113c bija nepiecie\u0161ams prasm\u012bgs kal\u0113js, kuram bija atbilsto\u0161i materi\u0101li. Arheolo\u0123iskie atradumi liecina, ka ir biju\u0161i zem\u0101kas kvalit\u0101tes zobeni, un tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka nol\u012bgt kal\u0113ju bija d\u0101rgi.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"&quot;Viking Swords&quot;\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8tBKdnDSdaE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>\u012asum\u0101 par vikingu zobenu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Taj\u0101 laik\u0101 prasm\u012bgs kal\u0113js, izgatavojot zobenu, izmantoja s\u0101p\u012bgu un r\u016bp\u012bgu tehniku, ko d\u0113v\u0113 par mode\u013cu metin\u0101\u0161anu. Procesa laik\u0101 tika sav\u012bti un kars\u0113ti da\u017e\u0101du veidu dzelzs stie\u0146i, k\u0101 ar\u012b tie l\u0113n\u0101m tika piemetin\u0101ti pie asmens. Pateicoties mode\u013ca metin\u0101\u0161anas tehnikai, asmens ir elast\u012bgs, iztur\u012bgs un skaists.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ko dar\u012bja vikingu karav\u012bri, lai uztur\u0113tu savus zobenus<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/slaveni-vikingi\/\">Vikingu karav\u012bri<\/a> izmantoja zobenus, veicot vair\u0101kas darb\u012bbas. Ar laiku pat sp\u0113c\u012bgie zobeni k\u013cuva bedraini, bl\u0101vi un salauzti. Arheolo\u0123isk\u0101s liec\u012bbas apliecina, ka ir da\u017ei zobeni, kas tika remont\u0113ti. Tie, kas bija sadal\u012bti div\u0101s da\u013c\u0101s, bija labi salikti kop\u0101.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vikingiem vajadz\u0113ja bie\u017ei asin\u0101t zobenus, lai tos sagatavotu c\u012b\u0146ai. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca karav\u012bru tos asin\u0101ja pa\u0161i, lai gan bija ar\u012b profesion\u0101\u013ci, kas to dar\u012bja lieliski. Da\u017ereiz kaujas laik\u0101 da\u017ei zobeni saliec\u0101s un sal\u016bza, bet norv\u0113\u0123i tos var\u0113ja iztaisnot.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"547\" src=\"http:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/viker-1024x547.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5755\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/viker-1024x547.png 1024w, https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/viker-300x160.png 300w, https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/viker-768x410.png 768w, https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/viker-1536x820.png 1536w, https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/viker.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Materi\u0101li un apdare<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zobenu rokturi bija da\u017e\u0101du formu, un tos izgatavoja no brie\u017eu raga, kaula, k\u0101 ar\u012b d\u0101rgmet\u0101liem, tostarp sudraba un zelta. \u0160aj\u0101 laik\u0101 zobens bija d\u0101rgs, un roktura rot\u0101\u0161anai tika velt\u012bts vair\u0101k p\u016b\u013cu.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pomele, kas bija asmens atsvars, lai zobens b\u016btu l\u012bdzsvar\u0101, pal\u012bdz\u0113ja izvietot d\u0101rgmet\u0101lu inkrust\u0101cijas. Turkl\u0101t asmeni asi\u0146u rievas liel\u0101ko da\u013cu laika, kas darbojas vid\u016b. Pateicoties ietaup\u012btajam v\u0113rt\u012bgajam met\u0101lam, zobens bija ar\u012b viegls.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zobeni k\u0101 ziedojumi un d\u0101vanas<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vikingu zobeni tika ieviesti vikingu laik\u0101, un tie parasti ir atrodami da\u017eos apbed\u012bjumos. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca augsta statusa cilv\u0113ku parasti tika apglab\u0101ti ar vikingu zobeniem, un tas notika vikingu laikmet\u0101. Ir svar\u012bgi zin\u0101t, ka ne visiem vikingu karot\u0101jiem bija zobeni, jo tie bija presti\u017ei iero\u010di, kurus var\u0113ja at\u013cauties tikai da\u017ei cilv\u0113ki.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vikingu zobeni tika d\u0101vin\u0101ti k\u0101 d\u0101vanas vai d\u0101vin\u0101jumi augsta statusa person\u0101m, lai saglab\u0101tu ar t\u0101m labus attiec\u012bbas. Tos ne tikai izmantoja k\u0101 d\u0101vanas, bet ar\u012b upur\u0113ja purvos un ezeros. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca vikingu laikmeta zobenu tika atrasti \u0161\u0137\u0113rsgriezumos.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Popul\u0101r\u0101kie zobenu z\u012bmoli<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Galvenie vikingu zobenu z\u012bmoli bija Ulfberht un Ingelrii. Divi z\u012bmoli galvenok\u0101rt p\u0101rst\u0101v\u0113ja divas lielas kal\u0113ju darbn\u012bcas. Z\u012bmes par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s uz ilgu laiku, varb\u016bt t\u0101p\u0113c, ka kal\u0113ji savas zin\u0101\u0161anas nodeva saviem d\u0113liem. Vikingi uzskat\u012bja, ka \u0161o divu galveno z\u012bmolu zobeni ir p\u0101r\u0101ki par citiem.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ulfberht zobeni<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eirop\u0101 ir aptuveni 170 viduslaiku zobenu. T\u0101s dat\u0113tas no <sup>9<\/sup>. gadsimta l\u012bdz <sup>11<\/sup>. gadsimtam, un to asme\u0146i bija inkrust\u0113ti ar +VLFBERHT+ vai +VLFBERH+T. Vair\u0101ki asme\u0146u kal\u0113ji to izmantoja daudzus gadsimtus. Tas tiek uzskat\u012bts ar\u012b par sp\u0113c\u012bgu vikingu zobenu.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ulfberht zobeni tika izgatavoti no t\u0113rauda ar augstu oglek\u013ca saturu bez s\u0101r\u0146u piejaukuma. Turkl\u0101t tie bija sp\u0113c\u012bgi un elast\u012bgi. Tas nebija iestr\u0113dzis materi\u0101l\u0101, kad tr\u0101p\u012bja bru\u0146as vai vairogs. T\u0101s iztur\u012bba nodro\u0161in\u0101ja, ka t\u0101 iztur\u0113ja vair\u0101kus triecienus.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Izcelsme<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca Ulfberht zobenu bija no Reinzemes. Turkl\u0101t par franku izcelsmi galvenok\u0101rt tiek uzskat\u012bta Norv\u0113\u0123ija, bet citi cilv\u0113ki uzskat\u012bja, ka tie ir no V\u0101cijas, jo dzelzs sast\u0101v\u0101 ir daudz ars\u0113na.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Skaits un sadal\u012bjums<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zieme\u013ceirop\u0101 bija aptuveni 170 Ulfberht zobenu. Aptuveni 44 zobeni bija no Norv\u0113\u0123ijas, bet aptuveni 31 &#8211; no Somijas. Pat \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 \u0161os skait\u013cus, zobenu skaits joproj\u0101m ir diskutabls, jo da\u017ei no tiem ir fragment\u0101ri.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ingelrii<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zobeni par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s v\u0113l\u0101k p\u0113c Ulfberht zobenu ievie\u0161anas. Vi\u0146i ierad\u0101s <sup>11<\/sup>. gadsimt\u0101. Lai gan tam bija t\u0101das pa\u0161as \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas k\u0101 Ulfberht zobeniem, tas nebija tik p\u0101r\u0101ks. Turkl\u0101t to veidoja aptuveni 20 viduslaiku zobeni.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kop\u0113ti zobeni<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da\u017ei no labajiem zobenu asme\u0146iem, ko ieguva vikingi, tika ievesti no Reinas apgabaliem. Uz asme\u0146iem bija uzraksts &#8220;ULFBERTH&#8221;, kas bija nor\u0101de uz lab\u0101kajiem zobeniem, kuri taj\u0101 laik\u0101 tika ra\u017eoti no augstas kvalit\u0101tes t\u0113rauda.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ulfberta zobeni tika uzskat\u012bti par meistar\u012bgiem. Iemesls ir tas, ka franku imp\u0113rij\u0101 no <sup>9<\/sup>. l\u012bdz <sup>11<\/sup>. gadsimtam tie ra\u017eoja zobenus. \u0160aj\u0101 laik\u0101 zobeni k\u013cuva tik popul\u0101ri, ka tika noteikts aizliegums tos eksport\u0113t.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eksporta aizliegums tika noteikts, jo vikingiem bija pieejami augstas kvalit\u0101tes zobeni, kas pal\u012bdz\u0113ja post\u012bt franku imp\u0113rijas piekrastes re\u0123ionu. Aizlieguma d\u0113\u013c kaimi\u0146u teritorijas s\u0101ka ra\u017eot l\u012bdz\u012bgus zobenus, un t\u0101s pat p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma nosaukumu &#8220;ULFBERTH&#8221;. Diem\u017e\u0113l tie bija zem\u0101kas kvalit\u0101tes nek\u0101 s\u0101kotn\u0113ji ra\u017eotie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vikingu zobens nekad nav bijis parasts ierocis. Paties\u012bb\u0101 zobeni bija lieliski simboli, kas simboliz\u0113ja izcilu karav\u012bru. T\u0101 k\u0101 \u0161os zobenus nebija viegli izgatavot, tie maks\u0101ja roku un abas k\u0101jas. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tie bija lielisks presti\u017ea un statusa simbols. \u012apa\u0161nieki tika apglab\u0101ti kop\u0101 ar saviem zobeniem vai ar\u012b tos var\u0113ja ar\u012b mantot. Atmi\u0146as no vikingu laikmeta Skandin\u0101vijas<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5741,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1477,2058],"tags":[13260,2015,2016,25782],"class_list":["post-5949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-lv","category-ziemelvalstu","tag-skandinavijas-vikingi","tag-vikingi","tag-vikingi-skandinavija","tag-vikingu-laikmets"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5949","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5949"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5949\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":125886,"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5949\/revisions\/125886"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}