{"id":69131,"date":"2020-08-15T09:40:05","date_gmt":"2020-08-15T09:40:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scandinavia.life\/iskandinav-dilleri-ortak-bir-tarih\/"},"modified":"2022-07-01T09:50:45","modified_gmt":"2022-07-01T09:50:45","slug":"iskandinav-dilleri-ortak-bir-tarih","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/tr\/iskandinav-dilleri-ortak-bir-tarih\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130skandinav Dilleri &#8211; Ortak Bir Tarih"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kuzey Cermen dilleri olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u0130skandinav dilleri, modern standart olarak bilinen ve Danca, Norve\u00e7\u00e7e, \u0130sve\u00e7\u00e7e, \u0130zlandaca ve Faroece&#8217;yi i\u00e7eren bir grup Cermen diline aittir. Bu diller tipik olarak iki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r &#8211; Do\u011fu \u0130skandinav dili Danca ve \u0130sve\u00e7\u00e7e ve Bat\u0131 \u0130skandinav dili (Norve\u00e7\u00e7e, \u0130zlandaca ve Faroece). <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Eski \u0130skandinav Tarihi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Herhangi bir Cermen dilinin en eski kan\u0131t\u0131, MS 200&#8217;den 600&#8217;e kadar uzanan ve eski runik alfabeye (futhark) oyulmu\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 125 yaz\u0131tt\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u0130skandinavya&#8217;dan geliyor, ancak bir\u00e7o\u011fu g\u00fcneydo\u011fu Avrupa&#8217;da da bulundu, bu da r\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer Germen kabilelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. \u00c7o\u011fu, m\u00fclkiyeti veya \u00fcreticiyi belirten k\u0131sa yaz\u0131lard\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baz\u0131 yaz\u0131tlar \u00f6l\u00fclerin an\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r, di\u011ferlerinin ise sihirli i\u00e7eri\u011fe sahip oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. En eski yaz\u0131tlar ah\u015fap veya metal nesneler \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan oymalard\u0131, ancak zamanla ta\u015flar \u00fczerine yap\u0131ld\u0131lar. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dil hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi, yabanc\u0131 metinlerdeki adlardan ve al\u0131nt\u0131 kelimelerden, yer adlar\u0131ndan ve ilgili diller ve sonraki leh\u00e7elere dayal\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rmalardan elde edilir. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Germen ve Hint-Avrupa dillerinden t\u00fcreyen vurgusuz sesli harfler hala yaz\u0131tlarda mevcuttur, t\u00fcm bunlar daha sonraki Germen dillerinde art\u0131k yoktur.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Eski \u0130skandinav&#8217;\u0131n Do\u011fu\u015fu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antik d\u00f6neme ait yaz\u0131tlar, benzersiz bir leh\u00e7e olan Kuzey Germen leh\u00e7esini g\u00f6sterir. Runik yaz\u0131tlar, MS 800&#8217;de k\u0131sa runik futhark olu\u015fturulduktan sonra daha bol hale gelen en erken a\u015famalar hakk\u0131nda bilgi i\u00e7erir. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130skandinav halklar\u0131n\u0131n <a href=\"https:\/\/en.natmus.dk\/historical-knowledge\/denmark\/prehistoric-period-until-1050-ad\/the-viking-age\/\">Viking \u00c7a\u011f\u0131&#8217;nda<\/a> (yakla\u015f\u0131k 750\u20131050) geni\u015flemesiyle, \u0130skandinav dili Gr\u00f6nland, \u0130zlanda, Faroe Adalar\u0131, Shetland Adalar\u0131, Orkney Adalar\u0131, Hebridler, Man Adas\u0131, baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde kuruldu. \u0130rlanda, \u0130sko\u00e7ya, \u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve Rusya. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancak, Faroe Adalar\u0131 ve \u0130zlanda d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm bu b\u00f6lgelerde, \u0130skandinav dilleri daha sonra ortadan kayboldu. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Geni\u015fleme d\u00f6neminde \u0130skandinavlar aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim sorunsuzdu ve dillerini tek bir dil olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler, ancak Viking \u00c7a\u011f\u0131&#8217;ndaki \u00e7e\u015fitli krall\u0131klar\u0131n farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nelimleri birka\u00e7 leh\u00e7e farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bug\u00fcn, muhafazakar bir Bat\u0131 \u0130skandinav b\u00f6lgesi ile daha yenilik\u00e7i bir Do\u011fu \u0130skandinav b\u00f6lgesi aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Do\u011fu\u015fu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10. ve <sup>11.<\/sup> <sup>y\u00fczy\u0131llarda<\/sup> Roma Katolik kilisesinin kurulmas\u0131 dilsel a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemliydi. Kuzey&#8217;i klasik ve orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupa k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne getirerek mevcut krall\u0131klar\u0131n peki\u015ftirilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu ve Latin harflerinin yaz\u0131 par\u015f\u00f6menlerini tan\u0131tt\u0131. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Runik yaz\u0131, epigrafik ama\u00e7lar ve genel bilgi i\u00e7in hala kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. <a href=\"https:\/\/omniglot.com\/writing\/latin.htm\">Latin alfabesi<\/a> daha uzun s\u00fcreli edebi \u00e7abalar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131 &#8211; ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Latince yaz\u0131lar i\u00e7in, ancak daha sonra yerli yaz\u0131lar i\u00e7in. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6k\u00fclen ilk eserler eski s\u00f6zl\u00fc kanunlard\u0131, bunu efsaneler, destanlar ve vaazlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren Latince ve Frans\u0131zca eserlerin \u00e7evirileri izledi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Reform ve R\u00f6nesans<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bug\u00fcn var olan bir\u00e7ok yerel leh\u00e7e, n\u00fcfusun \u00e7o\u011funun \u00e7ok az seyahat f\u0131rsat\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu Orta \u00c7a\u011f&#8217;\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda geli\u015ftirildi. \u015eehirlerde ya\u015fayan insanlar, yaz\u0131l\u0131 dillerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yabanc\u0131 temaslar yoluyla k\u0131rsal leh\u00e7elerin dokunu\u015fuyla yeni kentsel konu\u015fma bi\u00e7imleri geli\u015ftirdiler. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Devlet belgelerinin \u00fcretildi\u011fi sand\u0131klar, sadece yerel de\u011fil, \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda da ge\u00e7erli olan yaz\u0131l\u0131 normlar\u0131 etkiledi. Reform Almanya&#8217;dan ve onunla <a href=\"https:\/\/www.museeprotestant.org\/en\/notice\/martin-luther-translator-of-the-bible\/\">birlikte \u0130ncil&#8217;in Martin Luther taraf\u0131ndan Almanca \u00e7evirisinden<\/a> gelecekti. Daha sonra Danca, \u0130sve\u00e7\u00e7e ve \u0130zlandacaya \u00e7evrilecekti. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancak, hi\u00e7bir Norve\u00e7\u00e7e \u00e7eviri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, hi\u00e7bir Norve\u00e7 edebi dilinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerinden biri haline geldi. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Matbaan\u0131n icad\u0131 ve okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131yla birlikte, t\u00fcm \u0130skandinav leh\u00e7elerini konu\u015fanlar yava\u015f yava\u015f yeni dilleri okumay\u0131 ve sonunda yazmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kuzey Cermen dilleri olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u0130skandinav dilleri, modern standart olarak bilinen ve Danca, Norve\u00e7\u00e7e, \u0130sve\u00e7\u00e7e, \u0130zlandaca ve Faroece&#8217;yi i\u00e7eren bir grup Cermen diline aittir. Bu diller tipik olarak iki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r &#8211; Do\u011fu \u0130skandinav dili Danca ve \u0130sve\u00e7\u00e7e ve Bat\u0131 \u0130skandinav dili (Norve\u00e7\u00e7e, \u0130zlandaca ve Faroece). Eski \u0130skandinav Tarihi Herhangi bir Cermen dilinin en<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64004,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34209,31355],"tags":[33773,31817,34210],"class_list":["post-69131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarih","category-uncategorized-tr","tag-dil","tag-iskandinavyada-hristiyanlik","tag-orta-caglar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69131"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69131\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64004"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scandinavia.life\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}